{"id":12574,"date":"2017-11-08T12:02:35","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T12:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/?p=12574"},"modified":"2022-02-23T16:53:29","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T16:53:29","slug":"cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/","title":{"rendered":"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n

Cameroon has <\/span>been <\/span>officially at war <\/span>against <\/span>Boko Haram<\/span> since 2014<\/span>. <\/span>Although the jihadist group has <\/span>been <\/span>considerably <\/span>weakened<\/span> since its<\/span> <\/span>apogee<\/span> in 2014<\/span>-15<\/span>, it is <\/span>not yet <\/span>defeated<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>as <\/span>the <\/span>mid<\/span>–<\/span>2017 increase<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>suicide attacks<\/span> <\/span>demonstrated. <\/span>In the Far North region<\/span><\/a>, approximately 2,000 civilians and soldiers have been killed, and more than a thousand abducted. The army has killed an estimated 1<\/span>,<\/span>500<\/span>–<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>100 Boko Haram fighters and arrested nearly a thousand suspected members.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boko Haram<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>impact is not limited to battle ca<\/span>s<\/span>ualties. <\/span>An internal government report of September 2016, seen by Crisis Group, lays bare the <\/span>damage to <\/span>infrastructure.<\/span><\/a> D<\/span>estroyed or damaged facilities in the three border divisions of Mayo <\/span>Tsanaga<\/span>, Mayo Sava and <\/span>Logone<\/span> et Chari include <\/span>more than <\/span>40,000 houses<\/span>,<\/span> dozens of villages<\/span>,<\/span> hundreds of markets<\/span>,<\/span> 128 schools and 30 health <\/span>centres<\/span>. The total damage <\/span>is estimated at<\/span> <\/span>US$<\/span>450<\/span>m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Credit: International Crisis Group<\/p><\/div>\n

T<\/span>he Far North was the poorest part of the country<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>efore the conf<\/span>l<\/span>ict<\/span>, with 74% of the four million <\/span>inhabitants <\/span>living below the poverty line, compared to a national average of 37.5%.<\/span> <\/span>Boko Haram has preyed on the <\/span>population<\/span>, loot<\/span>ing<\/span> and burn<\/span>ing<\/span> villages, and extort<\/span>ing<\/span> protection money.<\/span> <\/span>The war has <\/span>worsened <\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>already <\/span>precarious economic situation<\/span>, led to <\/span>large-scale<\/span> displacement<\/span> and put huge <\/span>additional<\/span> <\/span>strain on <\/span>the <\/span>disadvantaged<\/span> population.<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>paralysed<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>conomy<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In addition to the prevailing insecurity, <\/span>e<\/span>mergency <\/span>measures put in place <\/span>by the government <\/span>after suicide attacks in <\/span>Maroua<\/span> in mid-2015<\/span><\/a> <\/span>have <\/span>severely <\/span>disrupted <\/span>agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, trade<\/span> and <\/span>tourism<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Agricultural production <\/span>in the Far North <\/span>has fallen by two<\/span>–<\/span>thirds<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>lands in the <\/span>border regions have been inaccessible for three years, and <\/span>up to 2016 <\/span>t<\/span>he cultivation of <\/span>crops that grow above a certain height <\/span>\u2013 including staple<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>like maize and <\/span>sorghum \u2013 <\/span>was<\/span> prohibited <\/span>for security reasons<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The closure of <\/span>the border with Nigeria has been disastrous for thousands of <\/span>small <\/span>traders<\/span>, who <\/span>have been forced to make lengthy and costly detours of 100<\/span>–<\/span>200<\/span> <\/span>km on bi<\/span>cycles <\/span>or motorbikes. <\/span>The cost of essential <\/span>imports<\/span> <\/span>such as cooking oil, sugar, flour and <\/span>other processed <\/span>products <\/span>from Nigeria <\/span>has consequently risen, <\/span>price rises being <\/span>only <\/span>partly offset by <\/span>the <\/span>declin<\/span>ing<\/span> value of the <\/span>n<\/span>aira<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Everywhere in the region, movement has been impeded<\/span>. <\/span>In 2014, t<\/span>he <\/span>road<\/span> connecting the important market town <\/span>of <\/span>Kousseri<\/span> with the southern part of the country was closed for several months. <\/span>Until 2016, m<\/span>any other <\/span>heavily used <\/span>roads could<\/span> only be passed with military escort<\/span>. <\/span>B<\/span>oats were banned on Lake Chad, <\/span>the <\/span>Logone<\/span> River (at the behest of the Chadian authorities) <\/span>and <\/span>other waterways.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>impact of the <\/span>prohibition of motorbikes<\/span>,<\/span> imposed to prevent drive-by attacks by Boko Haram<\/span>,<\/span> has been <\/span>devastating <\/span>for<\/span> drivers and <\/span>passengers<\/span> alike. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tourism has <\/span>collapsed<\/span>. <\/span>Its <\/span>stunning landscapes <\/span>once made <\/span>the Far North<\/span> <\/span>the second-<\/span>most visited <\/span>region <\/span>of Cameroon<\/span> but, since 2014, <\/span>European <\/span>countries <\/span>and <\/span>America<\/span> <\/span>have <\/span>advi<\/span>s<\/span>e<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>their citizens <\/span>against <\/span>travelling<\/span> there and Cameroonian tourists have unsurprisingly stayed away<\/span>. <\/span>According to the <\/span>head of the <\/span>regional <\/span>tourism <\/span>office<\/span>, <\/span>several<\/span> <\/span>hotels and dozens of restaurants have closed down, resulting in the loss of <\/span>many <\/span>jobs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Development needs but emergency assistance<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

People have <\/span>shown remarkable resilience<\/span> and <\/span>adapt<\/span>ability in the face of the onslaught<\/span> on their livelihoods, exemplified by <\/span>hosting refugee and displaced communities. Th<\/span>eir<\/span> <\/span>response stems from <\/span>the region\u2019s <\/span>diverse and interconnected history<\/span>. <\/span>In the 1980s, e<\/span>conomic specialisation <\/span>by<\/span> ethnic groups<\/span>, such as fishing for the <\/span>Kotoko<\/span>, livestock farming for the <\/span>Choa<\/span> Arabs, agriculture for the <\/span>Mafa<\/span>,<\/span> w<\/span>as<\/span> <\/span>eroded <\/span>by worsening <\/span>poverty and desertification. <\/span>Many <\/span>were forced to move, broaden their expertise and diversify<\/span>. <\/span>Faced with <\/span>even tougher economic realities,<\/span> communities have <\/span>developed varied <\/span>survival strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unfortunately, n<\/span>ational authorities and international <\/span>development <\/span>partners have<\/span> made little attempt <\/span>to capitali<\/span>s<\/span>e on local potential. <\/span>The danger is that Boko Haram violence reinforces <\/span>a common perception <\/span>in Yaound<\/span>\u00e9, the national capital, <\/span>of the Far North as a hopeless case, far from <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Cameroun utile<\/span>\u201d (the <\/span>coastal and central areas <\/span>that were the main <\/span>focus <\/span>for <\/span>the colonial powers and remain the <\/span>core<\/span> of <\/span>the country\u2019s<\/span> economy)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

While short-term assistance help is certainly needed \u2013 both for humanitarian and developmental reasons \u2013 <\/span>a strategy for the <\/span>long<\/span>–<\/span>term<\/span> revitalisation of the Far North is essential<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>government<\/span>,<\/span> fixated on security<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>has<\/span> <\/span>done little <\/span>to stimulate the economy<\/span>, beyond a few emergency initiatives which have been <\/span>undermined<\/span> by <\/span>insufficient <\/span>funding and <\/span>poor <\/span>implementation<\/span>. <\/span>Meanwhile, i<\/span>nternational <\/span>development agencies<\/span> have <\/span>been preoccupied with the <\/span>humanitarian response, <\/span>itself <\/span>still deficient. <\/span>With the exception of<\/span> a few projects run by <\/span>UNDP, GIZ, <\/span>the<\/span> World Bank, USAID and the French Development Agency (AFD), very little attention has been paid to <\/span>sustainable<\/span> development. <\/span><\/p>\n

Towards a <\/span>\u201c<\/span>development <\/span>c<\/span>ontract<\/span>\u201d <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Without a longer term strategy to boost employment, small businesses and <\/span>the <\/span>informal economy, <\/span>the <\/span>Far North will remain vulnerable to Boko Haram <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>or <\/span>other \u201c<\/span>insecurity entrepreneurs<\/span>\u201d<\/span>. This presents the authorities with a dilemma. On the one hand, <\/span>a legitimate fear that Boko Haram will \u201ccapture\u201d the informal economy <\/span>for its own benefit gives rise to the <\/span>temptation <\/span>to <\/span>constrict<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>through taxation or force<\/span>.<\/span> On the other hand, <\/span>if<\/span> security measures <\/span>are not relaxed <\/span>in appropriate ways, <\/span>economic activity will remain depressed and people <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>remain <\/span>vulnerable<\/span> to even worse hardship \u2013 and recruitment.<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>o <\/span>improve the prospects of <\/span>long-term development<\/span> <\/span>and move on from <\/span>emergency <\/span>measures<\/span>, the government and its international<\/span> partners <\/span>must<\/span> think <\/span>creatively<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The population <\/span>want<\/span>s<\/span> greater state involvement and its benefits <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>roads, public services<\/span> and <\/span>jobs. But <\/span>national and international development planners should not seek to impose their own, potentially restrictive, models<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>he resilience and adaptability of the <\/span>local <\/span>population<\/span>, and informal cross border trade<\/span> <\/span>in particular, <\/span>are the foundation for the region\u2019s ultimate revival.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

L<\/span>ocal <\/span>economic networks, practices and <\/span>traditions <\/span>need to be clearly understood <\/span>and<\/span> integrate<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>in any long-term plan<\/span>; and l<\/span>ocal experts and communities <\/span>need to be consulted and involved in <\/span>the whole process from <\/span>planning <\/span>to implementation. <\/span> W<\/span>omen, youth and particularly <\/span>the most <\/span>affected and vulnerable communities<\/span> should be prioritised<\/span> in a \u201cdevelopment contract\u201d. I<\/span>deally, t<\/span>h<\/span>is <\/span> <\/span>would <\/span>also <\/span>dovetail <\/span>with <\/span>similar <\/span>plans <\/span>drawn up <\/span>by other countri<\/span>es of the Lake Chad Region, such as<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>Buhari<\/span> Development Plan for North-Eastern Nigeria<\/span><\/a> adopted in June 2016.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

As the intensity of the conflict in Cameroon\u2019s Far North has been diminishing<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>a <\/span>good start point <\/span>for <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>revitalisation <\/span>would be for <\/span>the government<\/span> to relax more of the emergency <\/span>measures adopted in July 2015, <\/span>where the security situation permits<\/span>. Since<\/span> the beginning of 2017, <\/span>this has occurred<\/span>, in an informal and low key way, in <\/span>towns like <\/span>Maroua<\/span>, <\/span>Mokolo<\/span> and <\/span>Kousseri<\/span>. Reopening the border with Nigeria would be <\/span>a welcome <\/span>further <\/span>step<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hans De Marie <\/span>Heungoup<\/span> is Cameroon Analyst at International Crisis Group, the independent conflict-prevention organisation.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hans de Marie Heungoup argues that without a long term economic strategy, the Far North of Cameroon remains vulnerable to Boko Haram.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[2775,800,2927,516,2769,2931,2926,2776,2925,1265,2932,2929,2930,2928,2440],"class_list":["post-12574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-biya","tag-boko-haram","tag-buhari-development-plan","tag-cameroon","tag-cameroun","tag-choa","tag-economic-networks","tag-extreme-nord","tag-far-noth","tag-informal-economy","tag-kotoko","tag-lake-chad","tag-mafa","tag-maroua","tag-security"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nCameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan - Africa Research Institute<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan - Africa Research Institute\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Hans de Marie Heungoup argues that without a long term economic strategy, the Far North of Cameroon remains vulnerable to Boko Haram.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@AfricaResearch\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@AfricaResearch\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Niki Wolfe\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/\",\"name\":\"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan - Africa Research Institute\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-08T12:02:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-23T16:53:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/db6d7f14a1e19235157f68cf9ed703ae\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png\",\"width\":421,\"height\":337},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/\",\"name\":\"Africa Research Institute\",\"description\":\"Building on the Dynamism in Africa Today\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/db6d7f14a1e19235157f68cf9ed703ae\",\"name\":\"Niki Wolfe\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/author\/niki_wolfe_234723\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan - Africa Research Institute","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan - Africa Research Institute","twitter_description":"Hans de Marie Heungoup argues that without a long term economic strategy, the Far North of Cameroon remains vulnerable to Boko Haram.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png","twitter_creator":"@AfricaResearch","twitter_site":"@AfricaResearch","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Niki Wolfe","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/","url":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/","name":"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan - Africa Research Institute","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png","datePublished":"2017-11-08T12:02:35+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-23T16:53:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/db6d7f14a1e19235157f68cf9ed703ae"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/cameroon-1sept16-map.png","width":421,"height":337},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/cameroons-far-north-emergency-approach-sustainable-development-plan\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cameroon\u2019s Far North: From an Emergency Approach to a Sustainable Development Plan"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#website","url":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/","name":"Africa Research Institute","description":"Building on the Dynamism in Africa Today","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/db6d7f14a1e19235157f68cf9ed703ae","name":"Niki Wolfe","url":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/author\/niki_wolfe_234723\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12574"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13083,"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12574\/revisions\/13083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africaresearchinstitute.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}